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Friday, 27 September 2013

[UBUNTU] Howto: Backup and restore your Ubuntu system!

Howto: Backup and restore your system!

More recent up to date information this tutorial deals with can be found on the Ubuntu Wiki

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupYourSystem
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BackupYourSystem/TAR
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Ca...BackupRecovery


Thread closed.


Hi, and welcome to the Heliode guide to successful backing-up and restoring of a Linux system!

Most of you have probably used Windows before you started using Ubuntu. During that time you might have needed to backup and restore your system. For Windows you would need proprietary software for which you would have to reboot your machine and boot into a special environment in which you could perform the backing-up/restoring (programs like Norton Ghost).
During that time you might have wondered why it wasn't possible to just add the whole c:\ to a big zip-file. This is impossible because in Windows, there are lots of files you can't copy or overwrite while they are being used, and therefore you needed specialized software to handle this.

Well, I'm here to tell you that those things, just like rebooting, are Windows CrazyThings (tm). There's no need to use programs like Ghost to create backups of your Ubuntu system (or any Linux system, for that matter). In fact; using Ghost might be a very bad idea if you are using anything but ext2. Ext3, the default Ubuntu partition, is seen by Ghost as a damaged ext2 partition and does a very good job at screwing up your data.

1: Backing-up

"What should I use to backup my system then?" might you ask. Easy; the same thing you use to backup/compress everything else; TAR. Unlike Windows, Linux doesn't restrict root access to anything, so you can just throw every single file on a partition in a TAR file!

To do this, become root with

sudo su
and go to the root of your filesystem (we use this in our example, but you can go anywhere you want your backup to end up, including remote or removable drives.)

cd /
Now, below is the full command I would use to make a backup of my system:

Run command below in one line:
tar cvpzf backup.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found  
--exclude=/backup.tgz --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys 
--exclude=/media /
 --exclude=/example/path - The options following this model instruct tar what directories NOT to backup. We don't want to backup everything since some directories aren't very useful to include. The first exclusion rule directs tar not to back itself up, this is important to avoid errors during the operation.
        --exclude= arguments to avoid filesystems you do not want. These would  be /proc, /sys, /mnt, /media, /run and /dev directories in root. /proc and /sys are virtual filesystems that provide windows into variables of the running kernel, so you do not want to try and backup or restore them. /dev is a tmpfs whose contents are created and deleted dynamically by udev, so you also do not want to backup or restore it. Likewise, /run is a tmpfs that holds variables about the running system that do not need backed up. 

Now, lets explain this a little bit.
The 'tar' part is, obviously, the program we're going to use.

'cvpfz' are the options we give to tar, like 'create archive' (obviously),
'preserve permissions'(to keep the same permissions on everything the same), and 'gzip' to keep the size down.

Next, the name the archive is going to get. backup.tgz in our example.

Next comes the root of the directory we want to backup. Since we want to backup everything; /

Now come the directories we want to exclude. We don't want to backup everything since some dirs aren't very useful to include. Also make sure you don't include the file itself, or else you'll get weird results.
You might also not want to include the /mnt folder if you have other partitions mounted there or you'll end up backing those up too. Also make sure you don't have anything mounted in /media (i.e. don't have any cd's or removable media mounted). Either that or exclude /media.

EDIT : kvidell suggests below we also exclude the /dev directory. I have other evidence that says it is very unwise to do so though.

Well, if the command agrees with you, hit enter (or return, whatever) and sit back&relax. This might take a while.

Afterwards you'll have a file called backup.tgz in the root of your filessytem, which is probably pretty large. Now you can burn it to DVD or move it to another machine, whatever you like!

EDIT2:
At the end of the process you might get a message along the lines of 'tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors' or something, but in most cases you can just ignore that.

Alternatively, you can use Bzip2 to compress your backup. This means higher compression but lower speed. If compression is important to you, just substitute
the 'z' in the command with 'j', and give the backup the right extension.
That would make the command look like this:

Run command below in one line:
tar cvpjf backup.tar.bz2 --exclude=/proc  
--exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/backup.tar.bz2  
--exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys /
2: Restoring

Warning: Please, for goodness sake, be careful here. If you don't understand what you are doing here you might end up overwriting stuff that is important to you, so please take care!

Well, we'll just continue with our example from the previous chapter; the file backup.tgz in the root of the partition.

Once again, make sure you are root and that you and the backup file are in the root of the filesystem.

One of the beautiful things of Linux is that This'll work even on a running system; no need to screw around with boot-cd's or anything. Of course, if you've rendered your system unbootable you might have no choice but to use a live-cd, but the results are the same. You can even remove every single file of a Linux system while it is running with one command. I'm not giving you that command though!

Well, back on-topic.
This is the command that I would use:


 tar xvpfz backup.tgz -C /
Or if you used bz2;


 tar xvpfj backup.tar.bz2 -C /
WARNING: this will overwrite every single file on your partition with the one in the archive!

Just hit enter/return/your brother/whatever and watch the fireworks. Again, this might take a while. When it is done, you have a fully restored Ubuntu system! Just make sure that, before you do anything else, you re-create the directories you excluded:

mkdir proc
mkdir lost+found
mkdir mnt
mkdir sys
etc...
And when you reboot, everything should be the way it was when you made the backup!

2.1: GRUB restore
Now, if you want to move your system to a new harddisk or if you did something nasty to your GRUB (like, say, install Windows), You'll also need to reinstall GRUB.
There are several very good howto's on how to do that here on this forum, so i'm not going to reinvent the wheel. Instead, take a look here:

http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthre...t=grub+restore

There are a couple of methods proposed. I personally recommend the second one, posted by remmelt, since that has always worked for me.


Well that's it! I hope it was helpful!
As always, any feedback is appreciated!
Last edited by nothingspecial; August 30th, 2012 at 11:03 PM. Reason: Moved slash to end of command by popular vote
"Windows is something to overcome"

Howto's by me:
Tweak firefox! (URL now works..)
Backup/Restore your system!
Avoid having to reboot


Compentux.org
, the Linux Tip & Howto gathering initiative!

source:  http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=35087

[UBUNTU] How to install a .deb file via the command line?


Is it possible to install a .deb file using command line, can someone tell me how?

3 Answers



Packages are manually installed via the dpkg command (Debian Package Management System). dpkg is the backend to commands like apt-get and aptitude, which in turn are the backend for GUI install apps like the Software Center and Synaptic.
Something along the lines of:
dpkg --> apt-get, aptitude --> Synaptic, Software Center
But of course the easiest ways to install a package would be, first, the GUI apps (Synaptic, Software Center, etc..), followed by the terminal commands apt-get and aptitude that add a very nice user friendly approach to the backend dpkg, including but not limited to packaged dependencies, control over what is installed, needs update, not installed, broken packages, etc.. Lastly the dpkg command which is the base for all of them.
Since dpkg is the base, you can use it to install packaged directly from the command line.


INSTALL A PACKAGE
sudo dpkg -i DEB_PACKAGE
For example if the package file is called askubuntu_2.0.deb then you should do sudo dpkg -i askubuntu_2.0.deb. If dpkg reports an error due to dependency problems, you can run sudo apt-get install -f to download the missing dependencies and configure everything. If that reports an error, you'll have to sort out the dependencies yourself.


REMOVE A PACKAGE
sudo dpkg -r PACKAGE_NAME
For example if the package is called askubuntu then you should do sudo dpkg -r askubuntu.





Answer 1


Debian (.deb) packages are the packages that are used in Ubuntu. You can install any .deb package in your system. .deb files can generally be installed from your file manager (Nautilus) merely by clicking on them, since file associations with the default installer is already set in Ubuntu. These instructions are for those who wish to install packages from the command-line terminal (Terminal).
To install a downloaded Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb): Open Terminal and type
sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb
To remove a Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb):
sudo dpkg -r packagename
To Reconfigure/Repair an installed Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb):
sudo dpkg-reconfigure packagename



Answer 2 


My favourite is GDebi, available from both terminal/shell or graphical desktop.
I usually associate .deb files with GDebi as it is fast and efficient - especially compared to Ubuntu Software Center. One of the main feature of GDebi is it resolves dependencies and installs them.

[UBUNTU] Install RPM Packages on Ubuntu/Linux Mint

Install RPM Packages on Ubuntu 12.04/11.10/any Ubuntu version/Linux Mint

Ubuntu/Mint Support only deb package installation, If you have some software in rpm package you can install it in Ubuntu/Linux Mint easily. Fedora/Redhat and Mandriva support RPM packages.
In Ubuntu/Linux Mint you can easily install softwares from Software Centers or via PPA. If any software is not available in deb/software center/ppa and it's only available in rpm, than you can easily convert that rpm file to deb package with one command using terminal.
rpm package
This RPM to DEB Conversion Utility called Alien, Which converts packages from one to the other format. It doesn't mean that convert rpm package will always work on your system. Cause there can be problem of Dependencies or libraries.




To install open Terminal (Press Ctrl+Alt+T) and copy the following command in the Terminal:





Now convert package from RPM format to Deb format, use the following command. Change your packagename in command:







option: -c: --scrips; -k: keep name of version
To install the deb package enter following command:






That's it

source: http://www.noobslab.com/2012/02/install-rpm-packages-on-ubuntulinux.html

Saturday, 21 September 2013

Dùng Phần Mềm Phoenix Ðể Chạy Lại Firmware Cho Nokia






Hướng Dẫn Dùng Phần Mềm Phoenix Ðể Chạy Lại Firmware Cho Nokia

01 8

Phoenix là phần mềm thông dụng nhất dùng để chạy lại firmware cho các máy Nokia. Một số bạn còn gặp khó khăn trong việc sử dụng phần mềm này.
Sau đây Doanhlinh sẽ giúp bạn dễ dàng sử dụng phần mềm Phoenix để chạy lại phần mềm cho chú dế thân yêu của mình.

* Lưu ý:
- Việc chạy lại firmware là can thiệp vào Hệ điều hành của máy, nếu các thao tác được thực hiện thiếu chính xác sẽ dẫn đến lỗi nghiêm trọng cho điện thoại của bạn. Bạn hãy cân nhắc kỹ trước khi thực hiện.
- Việc chạy lại firmware bằng Phoenix sẽ mất hết dữ liệu trong bộ nhớ máy (Sim, thẻ nhớ, bộ nhớ chung sẽ không bị ảnh hưởng), vì vậy hãy sao lưu dữ liệu cận thận trước khi thực hiện
- Nếu có bất kỳ lỗi nào xảy ra trong khi thực hiện hãy liên hệ với chúng tôi để được trợ giúp.


Chuẩn bị:
- Download

Phoenix_Service_Software_2011

(Tải về xong các bạn đổi đuôi .abc thành .rar rồi giải nén nhé).
- Cài đặt phần mềm Phoenix vào máy tính. Việc cài đặt sẽ mất khoảng 10-15 phút.
- Lựa chọn bộ Firmware mà bạn muốn sử dụng.

(Có thể sử dụng Navifirm).

để download firmware về máy tính hoặc 1 bộ firmware bất kỳ mà bạn muốn).
- Copy bộ firmware vào thư mục
(C:\Program Files\Nokia\Phoenix\Products\) trên máy tính. (Giống hình bên dưới).

02 7

Ví dụ bên dưới được thực hiện trên Nokia N8 Rm-596, các máy khác cũng làm tương tự như vậy chỉ cần thay bằng bộ firmware mà bạn muốn vào là được.



Thực hiện:
Cách này chỉ dành cho các máy điện thoại vẫn đang hoạt động bình thường.

1. Kết nối điện thoại với máy tính thông qua cáp USB và chọn chế độ PC Suite hoặc Ovi suite.

2. Chạy phần mềm Phoenix đã được cài đặt ở trên.

03 5

Nếu điện thoại của bạn đã được kết nối với máy tính thì phần mềm Phoenix sẽ nhận ra điện thoại và hiện lên Rm giống như hình trên (chỗ được đóng khung đỏ). Bạn lựa chọn giống như hình trên nhé.

04 5

3. Chọn File/Scan Product.

05 5

4. Sau khi Scan Product xong Phoenix sẽ nhận ra thiết bị được gắn vào thông qua cáp (Giống hình trên).

06 5

5. Chọn Flashing/Firmware Update.

07 4

Thông thường sau khi chọn Firmware Update thì Phoenix sẽ tự nhận ra Firmware đúng với thông số của điện thoại, bạn bỏ qua bước này và làm tiếp bước 7.
Còn giống như hình trên là Phoenix chưa nhận ra được firmware. Các bạn bấm vào nút được khoanh đỏ nhé.

08 4

6. Bạn kích vào dòng được bôi đen rồi bấm Ok.

09 2

7. Tiếp theo bạn bấm nút Option (Hình trên).

10 2

8. Bạn chọn dòng mầu đỏ ở hình trên rồi bấm Delete sau đó bấm OK.

9. Ở hình kế tiếp, chọn Refurbish để phoenix bắt đầu nạp firmware vào điện thoại của bạn.

11 1

Quá trình thực hiện kéo dài từ 5-7 phút cho đến khi có thông báo Firmware Updating Succeeded.

12

CHÚC CÁC BẠN THÀNH CÔNG!

Nguồn: Doanhlinh


source:  http://doanhlinh.xtgem.com/phanmemphoenix

Wednesday, 18 September 2013

Styling FX Buttons with CSS

A number of people have asked me recently can I create this look or that look using CSS in JavaFX. Or they have said that you could never do that! So I thought I would do a little experiment and try recreating a bunch of common button styles purely using CSS. So without further ado, here is the result:


All of these are mostly created with multiple background fill layers each with a gradient. Then there is a little font tweaking and some subtle effects. So for example all you need to make a JavaFX button look like a Windows 7 button is:
#windows7-default {
    -fx-background-color:
        #3c7fb1,
        linear-gradient(#fafdfe, #e8f5fc),
        linear-gradient(#eaf6fd 0%, #d9f0fc 49%, #bee6fd 50%, #a7d9f5 100%);
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,2;
    -fx-background-radius: 3,2,1;
    -fx-padding: 3 30 3 30;
    -fx-text-fill: black;
    -fx-font-size: 14px;
}
The first line defines the 3 background fills, first is solid color and the other two are linear gradients. The background-insets offsets the backgrounds so they do not 100% paint over each other and the second background is 1px in from the outside and the 3rd background is 2px in from the outside of the button. The background-radius us setting the corner radius’s of the 3 backgrounds getting smaller as the backgrounds move in, this makes the gap between the borders a consistent 1 pixel all the way around. Padding adds extra space around the text to make the button bigger by default. Then the last two lines set the text color and size. That is all there is too it.
I have not included styles for the pressed, over and focused states of all the buttons but they can all be easily added in a similar way. I have included a over and pressed state for the “Record Sales” button as a example.
You can download the complete Netbeans project with all the code here.
ButtonStyles.zip
Here is the CSS code of all the button styles you see above:
#green {
    -fx-background-color:
        linear-gradient(#f0ff35, #a9ff00),
        radial-gradient(center 50% -40%, radius 200%, #b8ee36 45%, #80c800 50%);
    -fx-background-radius: 6, 5;
    -fx-background-insets: 0, 1;
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( three-pass-box , rgba(0,0,0,0.4) , 5, 0.0 , 0 , 1 );
    -fx-text-fill: #395306;
}
#round-red {
    -fx-background-color: linear-gradient(#ff5400, #be1d00);
    -fx-background-radius: 30;
    -fx-background-insets: 0;
    -fx-text-fill: white;
}
#bevel-grey {
    -fx-background-color:
        linear-gradient(#f2f2f2, #d6d6d6),
        linear-gradient(#fcfcfc 0%, #d9d9d9 20%, #d6d6d6 100%),
        linear-gradient(#dddddd 0%, #f6f6f6 50%);
    -fx-background-radius: 8,7,6;
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,2;
    -fx-text-fill: black;
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( three-pass-box , rgba(0,0,0,0.6) , 5, 0.0 , 0 , 1 );
}
#glass-grey {
    -fx-background-color:
        #c3c4c4,
        linear-gradient(#d6d6d6 50%, white 100%),
        radial-gradient(center 50% -40%, radius 200%, #e6e6e6 45%, rgba(230,230,230,0) 50%);
    -fx-background-radius: 30;
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,1;
    -fx-text-fill: black;
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( three-pass-box , rgba(0,0,0,0.6) , 3, 0.0 , 0 , 1 );
}
#shiny-orange {
    -fx-background-color:
        linear-gradient(#ffd65b, #e68400),
        linear-gradient(#ffef84, #f2ba44),
        linear-gradient(#ffea6a, #efaa22),
        linear-gradient(#ffe657 0%, #f8c202 50%, #eea10b 100%),
        linear-gradient(from 0% 0% to 15% 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0.9), rgba(255,255,255,0));
    -fx-background-radius: 30;
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,2,3,0;
    -fx-text-fill: #654b00;
    -fx-font-weight: bold;
    -fx-font-size: 14px;
    -fx-padding: 10 20 10 20;
}
#dark-blue {
    -fx-background-color:
        #090a0c,
        linear-gradient(#38424b 0%, #1f2429 20%, #191d22 100%),
        linear-gradient(#20262b, #191d22),
        radial-gradient(center 50% 0%, radius 100%, rgba(114,131,148,0.9), rgba(255,255,255,0));
    -fx-background-radius: 5,4,3,5;
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,2,0;
    -fx-text-fill: white;
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( three-pass-box , rgba(0,0,0,0.6) , 5, 0.0 , 0 , 1 );
    -fx-font-family: "Arial";
    -fx-text-fill: linear-gradient(white, #d0d0d0);
    -fx-font-size: 12px;
    -fx-padding: 10 20 10 20;
}
#dark-blue Text {
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( one-pass-box , rgba(0,0,0,0.9) , 1, 0.0 , 0 , 1 );
}
#record-sales {
    -fx-padding: 8 15 15 15;
    -fx-background-insets: 0,0 0 5 0, 0 0 6 0, 0 0 7 0;
    -fx-background-radius: 8;
    -fx-background-color:
        linear-gradient(from 0% 93% to 0% 100%, #a34313 0%, #903b12 100%),
        #9d4024,
        #d86e3a,
        radial-gradient(center 50% 50%, radius 100%, #d86e3a, #c54e2c);
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( gaussian , rgba(0,0,0,0.75) , 4,0,0,1 );
    -fx-font-weight: bold;
    -fx-font-size: 1.1em;
}
#record-sales:hover {
    -fx-background-color:
        linear-gradient(from 0% 93% to 0% 100%, #a34313 0%, #903b12 100%),
        #9d4024,
        #d86e3a,
        radial-gradient(center 50% 50%, radius 100%, #ea7f4b, #c54e2c);
}
#record-sales:pressed {
    -fx-padding: 10 15 13 15;
    -fx-background-insets: 2 0 0 0,2 0 3 0, 2 0 4 0, 2 0 5 0;
}
#record-sales Text {
    -fx-fill: white;
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( gaussian , #a30000 , 0,0,0,2 );
}
#rich-blue {
    -fx-background-color:
        #000000,
        linear-gradient(#7ebcea, #2f4b8f),
        linear-gradient(#426ab7, #263e75),
        linear-gradient(#395cab, #223768);
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,2,3;
    -fx-background-radius: 3,2,2,2;
    -fx-padding: 12 30 12 30;
    -fx-text-fill: white;
    -fx-font-size: 12px;
}
#rich-blue Text {
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( one-pass-box , rgba(0,0,0,0.8) , 0, 0.0 , 0 , 1);
}
#big-yellow {
    -fx-background-color:
        #ecebe9,
        rgba(0,0,0,0.05),
        linear-gradient(#dcca8a, #c7a740),
        linear-gradient(#f9f2d6 0%, #f4e5bc 20%, #e6c75d 80%, #e2c045 100%),
        linear-gradient(#f6ebbe, #e6c34d);
    -fx-background-insets: 0,9 9 8 9,9,10,11;
    -fx-background-radius: 50;
    -fx-padding: 15 30 15 30;
    -fx-font-family: "Helvetica";
    -fx-font-size: 18px;
    -fx-text-fill: #311c09;
    -fx-effect: innershadow( three-pass-box , rgba(0,0,0,0.1) , 2, 0.0 , 0 , 1);
}
#big-yellow Text {
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( one-pass-box , rgba(255,255,255,0.5) , 0, 0.0 , 0 , 1);
}
#iphone-toolbar {
    -fx-background-color: linear-gradient(#98a8bd 0%, #8195af 25%, #6d86a4 100%);
}
#iphone {
    -fx-background-color:
        #a6b5c9,
        linear-gradient(#303842 0%, #3e5577 20%, #375074 100%),
        linear-gradient(#768aa5 0%, #849cbb 5%, #5877a2 50%, #486a9a 51%, #4a6c9b 100%);
    -fx-background-insets: 0 0 -1 0,0,1;
    -fx-background-radius: 5,5,4;
    -fx-padding: 7 30 7 30;
    -fx-text-fill: #242d35;
    -fx-font-family: "Helvetica";
    -fx-font-size: 12px;
    -fx-text-fill: white;
}
#iphone Text {
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( one-pass-box , rgba(0,0,0,0.8) , 0, 0.0 , 0 , -1 );
}
#ipad-dark-grey {
    -fx-background-color:
        linear-gradient(#686868 0%, #232723 25%, #373837 75%, #757575 100%),
        linear-gradient(#020b02, #3a3a3a),
        linear-gradient(#9d9e9d 0%, #6b6a6b 20%, #343534 80%, #242424 100%),
        linear-gradient(#8a8a8a 0%, #6b6a6b 20%, #343534 80%, #262626 100%),
        linear-gradient(#777777 0%, #606060 50%, #505250 51%, #2a2b2a 100%);
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,4,5,6;
    -fx-background-radius: 9,8,5,4,3;
    -fx-padding: 15 30 15 30;
    -fx-font-family: "Helvetica";
    -fx-font-size: 18px;
    -fx-font-weight: bold;
    -fx-text-fill: white;
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( three-pass-box , rgba(255,255,255,0.2) , 1, 0.0 , 0 , 1);
}
#ipad-dark-grey Text {
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( one-pass-box , black , 0, 0.0 , 0 , -1 );
}
#ipad-grey {
    -fx-background-color:
        linear-gradient(#686868 0%, #232723 25%, #373837 75%, #757575 100%),
        linear-gradient(#020b02, #3a3a3a),
        linear-gradient(#b9b9b9 0%, #c2c2c2 20%, #afafaf 80%, #c8c8c8 100%),
        linear-gradient(#f5f5f5 0%, #dbdbdb 50%, #cacaca 51%, #d7d7d7 100%);
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,4,5;
    -fx-background-radius: 9,8,5,4;
    -fx-padding: 15 30 15 30;
    -fx-font-family: "Helvetica";
    -fx-font-size: 18px;
    -fx-font-weight: bold;
    -fx-text-fill: #333333;
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( three-pass-box , rgba(255,255,255,0.2) , 1, 0.0 , 0 , 1);
}
#ipad-grey Text {
    -fx-effect: dropshadow( one-pass-box , white , 0, 0.0 , 0 , 1 );
}
#lion-default {
    -fx-background-color:
        rgba(0,0,0,0.08),
        linear-gradient(#5a61af, #51536d),
        linear-gradient(#e4fbff 0%,#cee6fb 10%, #a5d3fb 50%, #88c6fb 51%, #d5faff 100%);
    -fx-background-insets: 0 0 -1 0,0,1;
    -fx-background-radius: 5,5,4;
    -fx-padding: 3 30 3 30;
    -fx-text-fill: #242d35;
    -fx-font-size: 14px;
}
#lion {
    -fx-background-color:
        rgba(0,0,0,0.08),
        linear-gradient(#9a9a9a, #909090),
        linear-gradient(white 0%, #f3f3f3 50%, #ececec 51%, #f2f2f2 100%);
    -fx-background-insets: 0 0 -1 0,0,1;
    -fx-background-radius: 5,5,4;
    -fx-padding: 3 30 3 30;
    -fx-text-fill: #242d35;
    -fx-font-size: 14px;
}
#windows7-default {
    -fx-background-color:
        #3c7fb1,
        linear-gradient(#fafdfe, #e8f5fc),
        linear-gradient(#eaf6fd 0%, #d9f0fc 49%, #bee6fd 50%, #a7d9f5 100%);
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,2;
    -fx-background-radius: 3,2,1;
    -fx-padding: 3 30 3 30;
    -fx-text-fill: black;
    -fx-font-size: 14px;
}
#windows7 {
    -fx-background-color:
        #707070,
        linear-gradient(#fcfcfc, #f3f3f3),
        linear-gradient(#f2f2f2 0%, #ebebeb 49%, #dddddd 50%, #cfcfcf 100%);
    -fx-background-insets: 0,1,2;
    -fx-background-radius: 3,2,1;
    -fx-padding: 3 30 3 30;
    -fx-text-fill: black;
    -fx-font-size: 14px;
}
source:  http://fxexperience.com/2011/12/styling-fx-buttons-with-css/